How do police agencies typically guide use-of-force decisions?

Police agencies typically guide use-of-force decisions through written policies that outline a use-of-force continuum. This framework is essential because it provides officers with clear guidelines regarding the levels of force that are appropriate in various situations. The use-of-force continuum categorizes situations by the perceived threat level, allowing officers to assess and respond in a manner that is proportional and justified based on the circumstances they encounter.

Written policies ensure consistency and accountability across the agency, as they standardize the expectations for how officers should respond during incidents requiring force. This structured approach not only helps officers make informed decisions in high-pressure environments but also serves to protect both officers and civilians by reducing ambiguity regarding acceptable conduct.

While officer discretion, verbal communication, and personal judgment based on experience can play roles in how officers respond to situations, they are generally not sufficient as standalone guides in ensuring that the use of force is appropriate, justified, and consistent with departmental standards.