Which of the following is NOT a type of less-lethal technology currently in use by police officers?

The identification of rubber bullets as a non-less-lethal technology is based on their design and intended use. Rubber bullets are often classified as less-lethal options, but they can still cause serious injury or even be lethal under certain conditions. This classification arises from their primary purpose: to incapacitate rather than to kill. However, the impact force, range, and intended use can turn them into a dangerous tool if misused.

In contrast, stun grenades, conducted-energy devices, and pepper spray are widely recognized as less-lethal technologies employed by law enforcement. Stun grenades are designed to disorient subjects without causing permanent injury, conducted-energy devices like Tasers deliver a controlled electric shock to temporarily incapacitate a suspect, and pepper spray is intended to cause temporary blindness and difficulty breathing, allowing officers to manage an encounter safely.

This distinction illustrates the evolving nature of the terminology surrounding less-lethal technologies, as the effectiveness and safety of these tools are continually evaluated in law enforcement practices.